Query Engine Setup

Spark

The Spark Datasource API is a popular way of authoring Spark ETL pipelines. Hudi tables can be queried via the Spark datasource with a simple spark.read.parquet. See the Spark Quick Start for more examples of Spark datasource reading queries.

If your Spark environment does not have the Hudi jars installed, add --jars <path to jar>/hudi-spark-bundle_2.11-<hudi version>.jar to the classpath of drivers and executors. Alternatively, hudi-spark-bundle can also fetched via the --packages options (e.g: --packages org.apache.hudi:hudi-spark-bundle_2.11:0.5.3).

PrestoDB

PrestoDB is a popular query engine, providing interactive query performance. One can use both Hive or Hudi connector (Presto version 0.275 onwards) for querying Hudi tables. Both connectors currently support snapshot querying on COPY_ON_WRITE tables, and snapshot and read optimized queries on MERGE_ON_READ Hudi tables.

Since PrestoDB-Hudi integration has evolved over time, the installation instructions for PrestoDB would vary based on versions. Please check the below table for query types supported and installation instructions for different versions of PrestoDB.

PrestoDB Version	Installation description	Query types supported
< 0.233	Requires the hudi-presto-bundle jar to be placed into <presto_install>/plugin/hive-hadoop2/, across the installation.	Snapshot querying on COW tables. Read optimized querying on MOR tables.
>= 0.233	No action needed. Hudi (0.5.1-incubating) is a compile time dependency.	Snapshot querying on COW tables. Read optimized querying on MOR tables.
>= 0.240	No action needed. Hudi 0.5.3 version is a compile time dependency.	Snapshot querying on both COW and MOR tables.
>= 0.268	No action needed. Hudi 0.9.0 version is a compile time dependency.	Snapshot querying on bootstrap tables.
>= 0.272	No action needed. Hudi 0.10.1 version is a compile time dependency.	File listing optimizations. Improved query performance.
>= 0.275	No action needed. Hudi 0.11.0 version is a compile time dependency.	All of the above. Native Hudi connector that is on par with Hive connector.

To learn more about the usage of Hudi connector, please checkout prestodb documentation.

note

Incremental queries and point in time queries are not supported either through the Hive connector or Hudi connector. However, it is in our roadmap and you can track the development under HUDI-3210.

There is a known issue (HUDI-4290) for a clustered Hudi table. Presto query using version 0.272 or later may contain duplicates in results if clustering is enabled. This issue has been fixed in Hudi version 0.12.0 and we need to upgrade hudi-presto-bundle in presto to version 0.12.0. It is tracked in HUDI-4605.

Presto Environment

1. Configure Presto according to the Presto configuration document.
2. Configure hive catalog in /presto-server-0.2xxx/etc/catalog/hive.properties as follows:

connector.name=hive-hadoop2
hive.metastore.uri=thrift://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:9083
hive.config.resources=.../hadoop-2.x/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml,.../hadoop-2.x/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

3. Alternatively, configure hudi catalog in /presto-server-0.2xxx/etc/catalog/hudi.properties as follows:

connector.name=hudi
hive.metastore.uri=thrift://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:9083
hive.config.resources=.../hadoop-2.x/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml,.../hadoop-2.x/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

Query

Beginning query by connecting hive metastore with presto client. The presto client connection command is as follows:

# The presto client connection command where <catalog_name> is either hudi or hive,
# and <schema_name> is the database name used in hive sync.
./presto --server xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:9999 --catalog <catalog_name> --schema <schema_name>

Trino

Just like PrestoDB, there are two ways to query Hudi tables using Trino i.e. either using Hive connector or the native Hudi connector (available since version 398). However, since version 411, Hive connector redirects to Hudi catalog for reading Hudi tables.

Hive Connector

Trino Version	Installation description	Query types supported
< 406	Requires the hudi-trino-bundle jar to be placed into <trino_install>/plugin/hive	Snapshot querying on COW tables. Read optimized querying on MOR tables.
> = 406	Requires the hudi-trino-bundle jar to be placed into <trino_install>/plugin/hive	Snapshot querying on COW tables. Read optimized querying on MOR tables. Redirection to Hudi catalog also supported.
> = 411	NA	Snapshot querying on COW tables. Read optimized querying on MOR tables. Hudi tables can be only queried by table redirection.

If you are using Trino version 411 or greater, and also using Hive connector to query Hudi tables, please set the below config to support table redirection.

hive.hudi-catalog-name=hudi

It is recommended to use hudi-trino-bundle version 0.12.2 or later for optimal query performance with Hive connector.

Hudi Connector

Trino Version	Installation description	Query types supported
< 398	NA - can only use Hive connector to query Hudi tables	Same as that of Hive connector version < 406.
> = 398	NA - no need to place bundle jars manually, as they are compile-time dependency	Snapshot querying on COW tables. Read optimized querying on MOR tables.

To learn more about the usage of Hudi connector, please check out the connector documentation. Both the connectors are on par in terms of query support, i.e. 'Snapshot' queries for COW tables and 'Read Optimized' queries for MOR tables. We have an active PR under review to bring the performance of Hudi connector on par with Hive connector. Furthermore, we expect MOR table snapshot query support will soon be added to the Hudi connector.

Hive

In order for Hive to recognize Hudi tables and query correctly,

• the HiveServer2 needs to be provided with the hudi-hadoop-mr-bundle-x.y.z-SNAPSHOT.jar in its aux jars path. This will ensure the input format classes with its dependencies are available for query planning & execution.
• For MERGE_ON_READ tables, additionally the bundle needs to be put on the hadoop/hive installation across the cluster, so that queries can pick up the custom RecordReader as well.

In addition to setup above, for beeline cli access, the hive.input.format variable needs to be set to the fully qualified path name of the inputformat org.apache.hudi.hadoop.HoodieParquetInputFormat. For Tez, additionally the hive.tez.input.format needs to be set to org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveInputFormat. Then proceed to query the table like any other Hive table.

Redshift Spectrum

Copy on Write Tables in Apache Hudi versions 0.5.2, 0.6.0, 0.7.0, 0.8.0, 0.9.0, 0.10.x, 0.11.x and 0.12.x can be queried via Amazon Redshift Spectrum external tables. To be able to query Hudi versions 0.10.0 and above please try latest versions of Redshift.

note

Hudi tables are supported only when AWS Glue Data Catalog is used. It's not supported when you use an Apache Hive metastore as the external catalog.

Please refer to Redshift Spectrum Integration with Apache Hudi for more details.

StarRocks

For Copy-on-Write tables StarRocks provides support for Snapshot queries and for Merge-on-Read tables, StarRocks provides support for Snapshot and Read Optimized queries. Please refer StarRocks docs for more details.